Binner, J.; Price, D.; Wang, J.; Vaidhyanathan, B.; Reading, M.; Evidence for non-thermal microwave effects using hybrid conventional/microwave heating. Proc. 10th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating, September 12-15 (2005) Modena, Italy, pp. 260-263
Clear evidence for the microwave effect has been observed during experiments in which a variety of materials have been heated using both conventional and hybrid heating, but in each case using the same experimental system. A hybrid single mode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during phase changes in silver iodide, barium titanate and benzyl, whilst a hybrid multimode cavity has been used to investigate the microwave effect during sintering and grain growth in a range of ceramic materials with different dielectric properties. Although evidence for the microwave effect was not found in every case, where it was found the results could not be explained purely in terms of temperature gradients within the materials.